Tag: Technology

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New Car Decision

A few weeks ago I went to the San Diego International Auto Show with my father and my son to kick some tires and see if anything wowed me. We looked at the “green area” and there wasn’t much exciting there. To keep my son entertained, we went to Camp Jeep, rode in a Jeep Renegade on their indoor course and my soon climbed a rock wall. Unfortunately (for my car looking), this was the highlight of the trip.

We went by the Audi booth and didn’t see the A3 e-Tron which was quite disappointing. Where is Audi’s commitment to the car if they didn’t bother showcasing it? We took a look at Acura and Lexus as well. The Acura RDX which I’ve been eyeing for 9 years is a nice looking car, but man the gas mileage kills me. The Lexus CT200h caught my eye because of the excellent gas mileage, but the overall look isn’t enough for me to bite.

I’ve decided that the best choice for me right now is to stick with my 2003 Toyota Highlander. I’m going to keep my out for Apple to update it’s list of cars supporting CarPlay and keep re-evaluating. This whole process has kind of honed in what I want in a new car:

  • CarPlay – This may seem a bit like I am an Apple fan boy (OK, I am), but not having to update maps and having an interface that can get updated interests me.
  • Decent gas mileage – This either means a hybrid or a plug-in hybrid at the moment. I’m not ready for a pure electric car; we may consider one for my wife’s next car and have my car which is driven less as one that consumes gas.
  • Semi-luxurious interior – At the car show, I sat in a lot of cars. The leather in Acura, Audi, and Lexus cars seemed much nicer than that of say the Subaru and the whole cabin just seemed better put together (hard to describe, but felt nicer). I’m not saying I want a Mercedes or a Ferrari interior, just a step up from a Ford.
  • Decent looks

So I’ll wait and see what 2017 models are released and see if anything catches my eye. Kind of a let down as I’ve been looking forward to a new car for awhile; however, it is the right choice to do nothing.

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First week with the Apple TV 4th Generation

Last Friday I received my new 4th Generation Apple TV (note to people living in Southern California…don’t pay extra for rush shipping from Apple as products shipped from Apple tend to arrive quickly) and I’ve been playing with it on and off since. For years now, I’ve been looking for the best way to handle my family’s video entertainment needs. I’ve played with a number of streaming boxes including the Apple TV 1st generation, Apple TV 2nd generation, Roku 3, and Fire TV 1st generation. With the exception of the 1st generation Apple TV, all the boxes have served some of our needs.

When my wife first wanted to watch Netflix, I bought the 2nd generation Apple TV as watching it on our Nintendo Wii was not really something I wanted to do. At the time, we were recording shows with El Gato’s EyeTV and playing it through a Mac Mini. Having 2 devices was not ideal, so I pieced together a setup to put the EyeTV recordings into iTunes and then play them on the Apple TV. This setup worked quite well for several years.

Two years ago when I bought a new Vizio TV that had Amazon Prime Video (and Netflix) as apps in it, I tried to use it and found the UI to be impossible to use. I had heard good things about the Roku, so I purchased one. That left me with 2 boxes, one for Amazon Prime Video/Netflix and one for recorded TV shows. I saw that Roku had a Plex app on it, so I setup Plex, changed my setup to move TV shows to Plex and I was basically back down to 1 box (except for AirPlay). Last year, I was given a Fire TV which had Netflix, Amazon Prime Video (obviously) as well as the ability to play games. It also had a Plex app so I was hopeful that this box could be the box and it would give my son the ability to learn to play some video games (yes, I know I’m corrupting my son by wanting him to play games!). Unfortunately the Fire TV’s UI (1st generation box) was pretty poor and difficult to navigate. It does have “X-Ray” for Prime Video so it has stayed in use for that as well as some games (my son likes Minecraft). I wrote about the Fire TV before.

So where did that leave me before the new Apple TV? Well, we still used the Roku 3 for most of our watching, but switched to the Fire TV for games and Amazon Prime Video. The Apple TV was only used for AirPlay. Like every streaming box I’ve tried, I was hopeful that the 4th generation Apple TV would replace all the other boxes.

After I unpacked the Apple TV, I put it in place of my old Apple TV in my equipment rack and fired up the TV. Due to issues with RF signals, I was expecting to have to mount it on the wall, but was going to put that off for awhile (turns out the Bluetooth on it is good enough that I can just leave it on the top shelf of my rack). When I started the setup for the Apple TV, I couldn’t understand why moving my finger on the remote didn’t change the menus. Turns out I had the same problem that others have, I was holding the remote upside down. This does continue to be a problem for me that I have to solve. The Apple TV is able to turn my TV on and off using HDMI-CEC which is an awesome feature. Also, the volume buttons control my Vizio sound bar via IR, so the Apple TV remote is on track to be the only remote I need.

On day 1, we were able to watch Netflix and play a few games. I did buy the Nimbus SteelSeries game controller so that we could more easily play games. Pangea had a number of titles available and since I had already bought them on the iPad and the games were universal purchase, I could download them for no additional charge. There were a few other games available as well. My son and I played games and in general, they work well with the game controller. No Minecraft or Goat Simulator, yet, so the Fire TV still has to be connected.

After a few days, Plex appeared on the app store and I quickly downloaded it. It took me about a day to figure out why all my video was being transcoded when being played, but after that, Plex seemed to work well (I had set the maximum bandwidth for the streaming to be 10 Mbps instead of unlimited). The only feature that Plex is missing is the ability to delete episodes. I like the scrubbing and the navigation works well. I do have to train my wife to use the remote and Plex, but that will come with time.

Now that I had a few games, Netflix, and Plex, the Apple TV could become the primary device. I unplugged the Roku (I’ll probably have to plug it back in for my wife until she gets used to the Apple TV, however). I am very close to making the Apple TV the only box we need and I have high hopes that this will happen. However, Amazon has to get off its high horse and port their iPad Amazon Prime Video app to the Apple TV, Minecraft has to be ported as well as Goat Simulator. (Yes, Goat Simulator is a dumb game, but my son loves it.) Given that these are all on the iPad, it shouldn’t be a monstrous effort (famous last words) to bring them to the Apple TV.

I’ve been using the Apple TV for a week and am really enjoying it; I’ve been playing Oceanhorn on it, watching Netflix and TV shows via Plex. My son has been watching Bill Nye via Netflix and playing a few games. He loves the box because one remote turns the TV on and off, changes volume, and he can use Siri to skip ahead; I’m not so enamored by Siri as he is. I really hope to retire the Fire TV, but Amazon Prime Video will likely prevent that from happening.

Even without 4K video (I don’t have a 4K TV and all of my content is at most 1080p), the Apple TV, in my opinion, is the box to get for people that don’t have anything today. For people that already have an Apple TV or another box, the decision becomes a lot more difficult. The Roku boxes work real well for video; they just didn’t have the ability to play many games (casual gaming). The Fire TV (1st generation at least before the promised software update), has a horrible UI. If someone needs/wants Amazon Prime Video, the only real option today (sorry, AirPlay from an iPad isn’t a viable option), is the Roku. The Apple TV has tons of potential and does most of what I need it to do today. I’m quite satisfied with the purchase. (It doesn’t hurt that I managed to get a good price for my used 2nd generation Apple TV on eBay.)

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Fixing Missing Sound Output

As I was trying to troubleshoot why my media center Mac Mini froze twice over the last 2 days, I discovered that the sound output didn’t list the Built-in speaker. After a bunch of searches with different suggestions, I decided to reset the NVRAM. The problem is that the Apple support docs say to use Command-Option-P-R at startup and my Mac Mini doesn’t have a monitor or keyboard hooked up to it. After some additional searching I found the following command:

sudo nvram -c

and then a restart. After I did that, the sound output options were back. Yeah! Does this solve the freezes I’ve seen? I have no idea, yet, but at least I know one problem is solved.

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The best, underutilized and poorly implemented accessibility feature

[Update – October 21, 2015: It looks like the issues with News have been fixed with the iOS 9.1 update. Yeah!]

iOS 7 brought a feature called dynamic type which moves away from developers specifying exact point sizes for text and instead uses a number of descriptions for fonts.

From UIFontDescriptor.h:

    // Font text styles, semantic descriptions of the intended use for a font returned by +[UIFont preferredFontForTextStyle:]
    UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIFontTextStyleTitle1 NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);
    UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIFontTextStyleTitle2 NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);
    UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIFontTextStyleTitle3 NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);
    UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIFontTextStyleHeadline NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);
    UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIFontTextStyleSubheadline NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);
    UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIFontTextStyleBody NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);
    UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIFontTextStyleCallout NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);
    UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIFontTextStyleFootnote NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);
    UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIFontTextStyleCaption1 NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);
    UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIFontTextStyleCaption2 NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);

When developers use these instead of say Helvetica Neue 12, a user can change the font size in Settings->Display & Brightness->Text Size.

Text Size

This is generally thought of as an accessibility feature as it helps people who have trouble seeing. However, for people like me who can see well with glasses, larger type is just more comfortable to read. Implementing this is quite easy, but requires a few extra steps like listening for changes to the fonts and making sure that table rows resize to accommodate the text. These steps aren’t rocket science and don’t take much effort, but many developers are constrained by what their designers give them and many designers are still used to specifying exact fonts as well as spacing. This needs to change as it is hurting those that want to increase the font size and also makes it harder to adapt to different screen sizes.

I’ve implemented dynamic type in a few of the apps I’ve done and it worked out well; the extra effort was worth it in my opinion. Some developers just don’t care and other developers including Apple make an attempt, but fall short.

Here are images from the Apple News app. The first image is the standard text size; the second is the largest text size (largest before going into Accessibility and moving it to super large).

News - Standard Size News - Large Text

(I never knew there were images with the posts because they aren’t seen with the large text.) You can see that the text resizes along with the cells, but the title collides with the first part of the article. That’s pretty sloppy.

The next example is in Calendar. This one is worse than the first because the row is a fixed height and it looks like each row of text is also a fixed height so that when a larger font is used, it looks awful.

Calendar - Regular Font Size Calendar - Large Font Size

For a company that pays so much attention to accessibility, these examples show that individual teams making the apps aren’t doing enough to look at their apps. Maybe all the engineers have great eyes and can see the text, but this does need to get fixed. (Filed as Apple Radar 23196322.)

Outside of Apple, developers need to pay more attention to this; accessibility is hard and I’ll be the first to admit that I don’t do enough on accessibility. Handling dynamic type is an easy first step in making apps more accessible and easier for everyone to use.

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Recovering from a hack

At the end of last week, I got a message from my sister about a problem with her email account. It is a Google Apps for your Domain account and luckily, I don’t manage it! Around the same time I got her message, I received email from Google that her account was suspended. Turns out when I setup the Google account, I added an admin account for me and had email forwarded to my main email address. This turns out to be a good thing as I was able to reset her password and get her going again. My sister explained that she had checked her email from her work Windows machine and it had some type of virus/malware on it and that caused her account to be compromised. Ouch. Like a good brother, I helped get things going again and told her (and the rest of my family) to enable 2 factor/2 step authentication everywhere it was available. In addition, I told her never to check her Google email from her work computer and just use her phone. That’s probably good advice; don’t use machines that aren’t under your control if you can help it. Email can wait and with a smartphone, it is easy enough to check mail on the phone.

Her email address (not the account) was then used to send a bunch of spam. Unfortunately, there isn’t much that can done about it. However, since I have control over the DNS for her domain, I setup SPF and DKIM so that any service that implements either or both of these will mark any mail that doesn’t originate from Google servers as spam. Email that originates from a server not identified by SPF will have something like this in the header:

Received-SPF: fail (google.com: domain of person@example does not designate 185.27.28.62 as permitted sender)
client-ip=185.27.28.62; Authentication Results: mx.google.com;

spf=fail (google.com: domain of person@example does not designate 185.27.28.62 as permitted sender)
smtp.mailfrom=person@example.com

Whereas legitimate email will look like this:

Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of person@example.com designates 2607:f8b0:400e:c03::232 as permitted sender)
client-ip=2607:f8b0:400e:c03::232; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com;

spf=pass (google.com: domain of person@example.com designates 2607:f8b0:400e:c03::232 as permitted sender)
    smtp.mailfrom=person@example.com; dkim=pass header.i=@example.com

(This SPF pass also shows a DKIM pass.)

Many providers (such as Gmail) use SPF and DKIM to mark messages as spam; Gmail doesn’t flat out refuse the email, but some providers will. For anyone that receives spoofed email from a person whose domain uses SPF and DKIM, I’d recommend letting the provider know about this. SPF has been around for years and takes just a few minutes to setup.

While email is still going out using my sister’s email address, there is absolutely nothing she (or I) can do about it.

Lessons learned:

  1. Turn on SPF and DKIM on domains.
  2. Use 2 factor/2 step authentication where available.
  3. Don’t use untrusted computers.

I thought one hack related problem was enough for a week, but the world thought I could handle another. While I was investigating an SSL problem at work, I checked this blog to make sure that everything was using SSL. I have now redirected all traffic to SSL and should get the lock icon in the browser bar. In Safari, the lock icon only appears if ALL elements on the page use SSL, so I went through last week and make sure that all elements, including the Amazon links, used SSL. When I loaded my page, I saw the lock icon and then saw it go away. I used the tools in Safari to see that there were some elements loading off unknown websites. Google searches yielded information about some malware on Windows machines affecting WordPress sites. OK, I don’t use Windows except in limited cases and don’t use it to browse the web. I started digging around and found out that the header.php file in many of the themes on my site had some JavaScript injected in them that was obfuscated and when it was executed, injected that malicious code that loaded http (not https) sites. After I removed all the themes, except for 1 and replaced the theme I used, the malicious code was gone. I changed my WordPress password and that should have been that.

I backup my virtual server daily and then sync them to my laptop, so I started going through the backups to figure out when the code was modified. It appears that the code was modified right around when WordPress 4.3.1 came out. That is quite coincidental and scary. I couldn’t pinpoint the exact date or method of injection, but WordPress is a constant target for hacks and is patched all the time for security issues.

So now I’ve cleaned up this mess and disabled a bunch of plugins. While I hope this doesn’t happen again, I’m not sure what I can do to protect my site. I’ll keep a closer eye on the logs and see if I notice anything.

Dealing with this kind of thing keeps me up at night and gives me heartburn. It is too bad that criminals and miscreants don’t have better things to do than to cause problems for others. My wife believes in karma, and I’m sure that those that perpetrated these hacks will get what’s coming to them.

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Looking for my next car

[Updated @ 3:50 pm with a line I forgot about changing needs.]

I currently drive a 2003 Toyota Highlander that has been treating me well since I bought it. I don’t drive that much and the car hasn’t had any problems. However, I’d like to get a new car before I start running into problems (based on my low mileage, that could be a long way off) and to get some more modern features found in cars. Another major reason to move away from the Highlander is that my needs have changed since I got it; I don’t haul around stuff and don’t usually haul people around besides my family. Earlier this year, I installed a new stereo which has been great and has breathed some new life into my car. Ever since my wife got her Honda CR-V 8.5 years ago, I’ve been interested in the Acura RDX which is kind of the luxury version of the CR-V. I had convinced myself that I was going to get this car and this was going to be the year. However, when the 2016 model came out, it didn’t have Apple’s CarPlay, so I put off getting a new car for another year.

A few months ago, I saw a post that Audi was going to start shipping it’s A3 plug-in hybrid in the US in October. I hadn’t thought about a hybrid, let alone a plug-in hybrid, but it looked interesting. As I don’t drive much and the touted range of this car on electric was about 30 miles, I could possibly do most of my driving on electric. (In a few years I’m going to look at solar which would make charging a plug-in a lot less.) I have been driving an SUV for a long time, so going back to a sedan was going to be a change. All the features on the Audi look like it would meet my needs (luckily it isn’t diesel :-)), except that it doesn’t have CarPlay and Audi won’t give me a straight answer on if the A3 will be upgradeable to it next year; other Audi models will get CarPlay, so I’d hope it is possible.

The styling on the A3 e-Tron isn’t bad and I’ve been noticing more and more of the older A3 sport backs on the road. A few weeks ago, I noticed I was driving behind an A3 and saw the e-Tron logo with Michigan plates. Interesting because the car hadn’t been released, yet. After a search online when we got home, I found out that Audi was test driving the A3 in San Diego and anyone could sign up. So the next day I took the car for a drive. Driving the car wasn’t bad, but I’m not used to a sedan. It was quiet in all electric and seemed to perform OK, but the Audi guy just had me go in a big circle and I didn’t get a chance to take it on the highway. I’m going to need more time with this car to see if it is all that I want; it didn’t wow me out of the gate, so maybe that is a bad sign.

Some plug-in hybrids have federal tax credits available and in looking at the chart, I can see that most of the manufacturers don’t make the plug-in hybrids every year. The number of choices for plug-in hybrids is quite small, so I may have to look elsewhere for my ideal car.

At the same time, I started looking at the gas mileage on the Acura RDX and it basically stinks. As I mentioned, I don’t drive much, but it pains me to spend money on a new car that gets gas mileage only slightly better than my 13 year old Highlander (thanks to my Automatic, I can see I get around 20 mpg on average). So now I’ve crossed the Acura off the list and my list of cars to look at consists of just the Audi. Looking at other plug-in hybrids (they really seem to make a lot of sense), they’re all ugly (what is up with this one)?

My needs are simple, my wants are more extensive. I definitely don’t need a new car, but my wife keeps saying that I deserve one (I’m not going to argue with her :-)).

The San Diego International Auto Show is coming in January, so I’ll use that opportunity to check out what cars could be on my short list.

Unfortunately I have a feeling that I’m not going to find exactly what I want and then I won’t get anything; that will be fine for my wallet, but my wife said I deserve a new car, so I can’t lose the opportunity!

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Review: Aeon Labs Minimote

As some can probably tell from my writings, I’m very into home automation and have my whole house setup so that it basically runs itself (OK, not really). I have lots of “scenes” programmed to respond to various triggers such as wall switches, motion detectors and time of day. The way our house is setup, we have a very large sliding glass door leading to the backyard which makes it hard to mount any switch near it. At night we let the dog out and turn the light on for him; if the door was closed, opening the door at night causes the light to turn on. If the door was open like it has been all summer, the light only comes on when the dog passes the outside motion sensor.

Since I’m lazy (why else would I automate so many things?), I wanted an easy way to turn the lights on and then turn them off without getting off the couch. I saw a special on the Aeon Labs Minimote, so I bought 2. This is a Z-Wave remote that integrates into Z-Wave automation systems. This version was an older model that could have its firmware flashed to the new model; only difference being the markings on the buttons and possibly the plastic.

I was quite excited to get these remotes as I’d be able to put one near the couch and turn the outside lights on or off. My excitement was tempered as the version of VeraEdge that I was running didn’t work with the remote. The newer version of the firmware did, but reports were that there were issues with it. So when newer firmware came out, I upgraded my Vera Edge, crossed my fingers and paired the remote. Setup of the remote was quite simple and I assigned “scenes” to the buttons. The remote has 4 buttons and each button responds to a short and a long press giving me 8 possible scenes to run. I setup each button with an on scene (short press) and an off scene (long press) and put the remote by the couch.

Within a few days, I found myself regularly using the remote. The remote responded quickly and I haven’t had any problems with it. I knew I had a hit on my hands when my wife used it to turn the lights off; I haven’t labelled the buttons yet (that’s on my list), but she remembered that I said button 1 was for the backyard lights (button 2 is for the front lights; still trying to figure out what to do with the other buttons).

The remote is powered by a rechargeable battery and I have an Anker charger right next to the couch, so once it is time to charge, I just have to plug it in and won’t have to figure out where I put it.

Pros

  • Compact
  • Rechargeable
  • Easy setup
  • Works with the Vera Edge

Cons

  • Feels cheaply made; I suspect the newer model feels a little better based on the pictures I’ve seen.

Summary

If you have a Z-Wave automation system, buying this remote is a no brainer as there are times that you want to control some scene, but don’t want to go over to the wall to a hard wired controller or you don’t want to pull out a phone to run an app. The only real problem I have with this is I have no idea what to do with the second one as there are so many possibilities!

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Cable confusion helps in cutting the cord

A few months ago, my parents moved to a different part of town and one of the services they had to switch was cable. Due to franchise agreements in San Diego, they had to switch providers. My dad called me and asked for advice on what cable TV package to get and I had no idea because I don’t have cable TV and have a different provider. However, we went through the shows that my parents recorded on their TiVo and with a few exceptions, the shows were all on broadcast TV. I suggested that my dad give an antenna a try as that would be a lot cheaper and he wouldn’t have to pick a package. He agree and I told him to order an Antennas Direct ClearStream Antenna

The antenna arrived a few days later, I assembled it, set it on the ground and started tuning channels. We got a ton of channels, but missed NBC, I believe. I raised the antenna up a few feet and got NBC and other channels. At that moment, the decision to just use an antenna was solidified. I put the antenna in the attic, fished the coax up there, and that was it. (My dad already had a lifetime subscription to TiVo and the current generation of TiVo boxes handle antennas without problems; I believe a few years ago this wasn’t the case.)

It has now been a few months and my parents are happy with the picture quality and the channels they get; I’m sure there are a few shows they’d like, but I’m not sure the cost justifies them. There are many options between Amazon Prime, Netflix or even buying episodes on iTunes that they’re content. My parents aren’t sports people, so not having ESPN and the like isn’t a problem.

I dropped cable a few years ago and haven’t look back. My father would have purchased a TV package from the cable company, but the choices were too overwhelming, so instead I saved him a bunch of money. Many content providers are already offering programming outside of cable which is excellent and will have to be content with just being a pipe for the Internet.

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SSL Certificates on Private Networks with the EdgeRouter

These days it seems like every device on my home network has its own web server. Some of the devices have SSL enabled on them and force you to use them (http requests are redirected to https); this isn’t bad, but since the sites are accessed with an IP address or a local name (using Bonjour), browsers always give a warning about a domain name mismatch. For those that don’t know, when you connect to a secure site, the browser checks the domain name you entered with that of the certificate; if they don’t match, it could indicate that someone is trying to spoof the site. You can either ignore the warning or you can choose the option to always trust the certificate. The latter method is what I usually do, but it just doesn’t feel right and there could be security issues with this method.

Since I purchased a wildcard SSL certificate for my domain, I thought there must be a way to use it and not get browser warnings or have to accept the certificate. While browsing the forums for my EdgeRouter Lite, I stumbled upon a command that lets me basically override DNS entries. I could have setup DNS entries such as mydevice-internal.gruby.com and setup a private IP address (10.0.1.200) on my DNS provider, it isn’t a good idea to pollute DNS with private addresses and I’m not even sure my provider’s system would have allowed it.

The forums indicated I could do the following:

    configure
    set system static-host-mapping host-name mydevice-internal.gruby.com inet 10.0.1.200
    commit
    save

This simple command tells the EdgeRouter Lite’s caching DNS server to return this entry prior to using real DNS servers. I setup the SSL certificate on a few of my internal boxes, used that command and now I use https://mydevice-internal.gruby.com to securely access the devices and no longer get browser warnings.

The EdgeRouter Lite has so many options that I’m just starting to scratch the surface on them and how I can use them!

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Wireless Link Becoming Limiting Factor

I’ve been experimenting with WiFi access points in the past few weeks and have tested the performance of the wireless link. The max speed of 802.11 n (most of my devices are n devices with a few ac and even a g device or two) is 300 Mbps or 450 Mbps depending on the number of antennas. That may sound fast, but actual performance is a lot less than that and in my testing, I was able to get about 225 Mbps using Iperf. Usually I can get between 50 and 150 Mbps. That should be plenty fast enough to max out many Internet connections; I currently pay for 50 Mbps down/5 Mbps up.

At the end of November, Time Warner Cable should be rolling out its MAXX service here in San Diego and will have a maximum speed of 300 Mbps down/20 Mbps up. I’ll be opting for 200/20 which will lower my bill each month at the same time quadrupling my Internet speed. So where does that put me? That would put my wireless link at about the same speed as my Internet service! I really didn’t think this day would come where the airlink can’t keep up with my Internet. Of course all these speeds are theoretical and performance will varying depending on conditions, but it now becomes even more important to tune my WiFi network in order to get the most performance out of it otherwise I could be paying for Internet speeds that I can’t use.